Files
Enterprise-Knowledge-Base/internal/agent/tools/database_query.go
T

850 lines
24 KiB
Go

package tools
import (
"context"
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"regexp"
"strings"
"github.com/Tencent/WeKnora/internal/logger"
"github.com/Tencent/WeKnora/internal/types"
"github.com/Tencent/WeKnora/internal/utils"
pg_query "github.com/pganalyze/pg_query_go/v6"
"gorm.io/gorm"
)
var databaseQueryTool = BaseTool{
name: ToolDatabaseQuery,
description: `Execute SQL queries to retrieve information from the database.
## Security Features
- Automatic tenant_id injection: All queries are automatically filtered by the logged-in user's tenant_id
- Read-only queries: Only SELECT statements are allowed
- Safe tables: Only allow queries on authorized tables
## Available Tables and Columns
### knowledge_bases
- id (VARCHAR): Knowledge base ID
- name (VARCHAR): Knowledge base name
- description (TEXT): Description
- tenant_id (INTEGER): Owner tenant ID
- embedding_model_id, summary_model_id, rerank_model_id (VARCHAR): Model IDs
- vlm_config (JSON): Includes VLM settings such as enabled flag and model_id
- created_at, updated_at (TIMESTAMP)
### knowledges (documents)
- id (VARCHAR): Document ID
- tenant_id (INTEGER): Owner tenant ID
- knowledge_base_id (VARCHAR): Parent knowledge base ID
- type (VARCHAR): Document type
- title (VARCHAR): Document title
- description (TEXT): Description
- source (VARCHAR): Source location
- parse_status (VARCHAR): Processing status (unprocessed/processing/completed/failed)
- enable_status (VARCHAR): Enable status (enabled/disabled)
- file_name, file_type (VARCHAR): File information
- file_size, storage_size (BIGINT): Size in bytes
- created_at, updated_at, processed_at (TIMESTAMP)
### chunks
- id (VARCHAR): Chunk ID
- tenant_id (INTEGER): Owner tenant ID
- knowledge_base_id (VARCHAR): Parent knowledge base ID
- knowledge_id (VARCHAR): Parent document ID
- content (TEXT): Chunk content
- chunk_index (INTEGER): Index in document
- is_enabled (BOOLEAN): Enable status
- chunk_type (VARCHAR): Type (text/image/table)
- created_at, updated_at (TIMESTAMP)
## Usage Examples
Query knowledge base information:
{
"sql": "SELECT id, name, description FROM knowledge_bases ORDER BY created_at DESC LIMIT 10"
}
Count documents by status:
{
"sql": "SELECT parse_status, COUNT(*) as count FROM knowledges GROUP BY parse_status"
}
Find recent sessions:
{
"sql": "SELECT id, title, created_at FROM sessions ORDER BY created_at DESC LIMIT 5"
}
Get storage usage:
{
"sql": "SELECT SUM(storage_size) as total_storage FROM knowledges"
}
Join knowledge bases and documents:
{
"sql": "SELECT kb.name as kb_name, COUNT(k.id) as doc_count FROM knowledge_bases kb LEFT JOIN knowledges k ON kb.id = k.knowledge_base_id GROUP BY kb.id, kb.name"
}
## Important Notes
- DO NOT include tenant_id in WHERE clause - it's automatically added
- Only SELECT queries are allowed
- Limit results with LIMIT clause for better performance
- Use appropriate JOINs when querying across tables
- All timestamps are in UTC with time zone`,
schema: utils.GenerateSchema[DatabaseQueryInput](),
}
type DatabaseQueryInput struct {
SQL string `json:"sql" jsonschema:"The SELECT SQL query to execute. DO NOT include tenant_id condition - it will be automatically added for security."`
}
// SQLSecurityValidator provides comprehensive SQL injection protection using PostgreSQL's official parser
type SQLSecurityValidator struct {
allowedTables map[string]bool
allowedFunctions map[string]bool
tenantID uint64
}
// NewSQLSecurityValidator creates a new SQL security validator
func NewSQLSecurityValidator(tenantID uint64) *SQLSecurityValidator {
return &SQLSecurityValidator{
allowedTables: map[string]bool{
"tenants": true,
"knowledge_bases": true,
"knowledges": true,
"sessions": true,
"messages": true,
"chunks": true,
"embeddings": true,
"models": true,
},
// Whitelist of allowed SQL functions (aggregates and safe functions only)
allowedFunctions: map[string]bool{
// Aggregate functions
"count": true,
"sum": true,
"avg": true,
"min": true,
"max": true,
"array_agg": true,
"string_agg": true,
"bool_and": true,
"bool_or": true,
"json_agg": true,
"jsonb_agg": true,
"json_object_agg": true,
"jsonb_object_agg": true,
// Safe scalar functions
"coalesce": true,
"nullif": true,
"greatest": true,
"least": true,
"abs": true,
"ceil": true,
"floor": true,
"round": true,
"length": true,
"lower": true,
"upper": true,
"trim": true,
"ltrim": true,
"rtrim": true,
"substring": true,
"concat": true,
"concat_ws": true,
"replace": true,
"left": true,
"right": true,
"now": true,
"current_date": true,
"current_timestamp": true,
"date_trunc": true,
"extract": true,
"to_char": true,
"to_date": true,
"to_timestamp": true,
"date_part": true,
"age": true,
},
tenantID: tenantID,
}
}
// DatabaseQueryInput defines the input parameters for database query tool
// DatabaseQueryTool allows AI to query the database with auto-injected tenant_id for security
type DatabaseQueryTool struct {
BaseTool
db *gorm.DB
}
// NewDatabaseQueryTool creates a new database query tool
func NewDatabaseQueryTool(db *gorm.DB) *DatabaseQueryTool {
return &DatabaseQueryTool{
BaseTool: databaseQueryTool,
db: db,
}
}
// Execute executes the database query tool
func (t *DatabaseQueryTool) Execute(ctx context.Context, args json.RawMessage) (*types.ToolResult, error) {
logger.Infof(ctx, "[Tool][DatabaseQuery] Execute started")
tenantID := uint64(0)
if tid, ok := ctx.Value(types.TenantIDContextKey).(uint64); ok {
tenantID = tid
}
// Parse args from json.RawMessage
var input DatabaseQueryInput
if err := json.Unmarshal(args, &input); err != nil {
logger.Errorf(ctx, "[Tool][DatabaseQuery] Failed to parse args: %v", err)
return &types.ToolResult{
Success: false,
Error: fmt.Sprintf("Failed to parse args: %v", err),
}, err
}
// Extract SQL from input
if input.SQL == "" {
logger.Errorf(ctx, "[Tool][DatabaseQuery] Missing or invalid SQL parameter")
return &types.ToolResult{
Success: false,
Error: "Missing or invalid 'sql' parameter",
}, fmt.Errorf("missing sql parameter")
}
logger.Infof(ctx, "[Tool][DatabaseQuery] Original SQL query:\n%s", input.SQL)
logger.Infof(ctx, "[Tool][DatabaseQuery] Tenant ID: %d", tenantID)
// Validate and secure the SQL query
logger.Debugf(ctx, "[Tool][DatabaseQuery] Validating and securing SQL...")
securedSQL, err := t.validateAndSecureSQL(input.SQL, tenantID)
if err != nil {
logger.Errorf(ctx, "[Tool][DatabaseQuery] SQL validation failed: %v", err)
return &types.ToolResult{
Success: false,
Error: fmt.Sprintf("SQL validation failed: %v", err),
}, err
}
logger.Infof(ctx, "[Tool][DatabaseQuery] Secured SQL query:\n%s", securedSQL)
logger.Infof(ctx, "Executing secured SQL query - original: %s, secured: %s, tenant_id: %d",
input.SQL, securedSQL, tenantID)
// Execute the query
logger.Infof(ctx, "[Tool][DatabaseQuery] Executing query against database...")
rows, err := t.db.WithContext(ctx).Raw(securedSQL).Rows()
if err != nil {
logger.Errorf(ctx, "[Tool][DatabaseQuery] Query execution failed: %v", err)
return &types.ToolResult{
Success: false,
Error: fmt.Sprintf("Query execution failed: %v", err),
}, err
}
defer rows.Close()
logger.Debugf(ctx, "[Tool][DatabaseQuery] Query executed successfully, processing rows...")
// Get column names
columns, err := rows.Columns()
if err != nil {
return &types.ToolResult{
Success: false,
Error: fmt.Sprintf("Failed to get columns: %v", err),
}, err
}
// Process results
results := make([]map[string]interface{}, 0)
for rows.Next() {
// Create a slice of interface{} to hold each column value
columnValues := make([]interface{}, len(columns))
columnPointers := make([]interface{}, len(columns))
for i := range columnValues {
columnPointers[i] = &columnValues[i]
}
// Scan the row
if err := rows.Scan(columnPointers...); err != nil {
return &types.ToolResult{
Success: false,
Error: fmt.Sprintf("Failed to scan row: %v", err),
}, err
}
// Create a map for this row
rowMap := make(map[string]interface{})
for i, colName := range columns {
val := columnValues[i]
// Convert []byte to string for better readability
if b, ok := val.([]byte); ok {
rowMap[colName] = string(b)
} else {
rowMap[colName] = val
}
}
results = append(results, rowMap)
}
if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
return &types.ToolResult{
Success: false,
Error: fmt.Sprintf("Error iterating rows: %v", err),
}, err
}
logger.Infof(ctx, "[Tool][DatabaseQuery] Retrieved %d rows with %d columns", len(results), len(columns))
logger.Debugf(ctx, "[Tool][DatabaseQuery] Columns: %v", columns)
// Log first few rows for debugging
if len(results) > 0 {
logger.Debugf(ctx, "[Tool][DatabaseQuery] First row sample:")
for key, value := range results[0] {
logger.Debugf(ctx, "[Tool][DatabaseQuery] %s: %v", key, value)
}
}
// Format output
logger.Debugf(ctx, "[Tool][DatabaseQuery] Formatting query results...")
output := t.formatQueryResults(columns, results, securedSQL)
logger.Infof(ctx, "[Tool][DatabaseQuery] Execute completed successfully: %d rows returned", len(results))
return &types.ToolResult{
Success: true,
Output: output,
Data: map[string]interface{}{
"columns": columns,
"rows": results,
"row_count": len(results),
"query": securedSQL,
"tenant_id": tenantID,
"display_type": "database_query",
},
}, nil
}
// validateAndSecureSQL validates the SQL query and injects tenant_id conditions
func (t *DatabaseQueryTool) validateAndSecureSQL(sqlQuery string, tenantID uint64) (string, error) {
validator := NewSQLSecurityValidator(tenantID)
return validator.ValidateAndSecure(sqlQuery)
}
// ValidateAndSecure performs comprehensive SQL validation using PostgreSQL's official parser
func (v *SQLSecurityValidator) ValidateAndSecure(sqlQuery string) (string, error) {
// Phase 1: Basic input validation
if err := v.validateInput(sqlQuery); err != nil {
return "", err
}
// Phase 2: Parse SQL using PostgreSQL's official parser
result, err := pg_query.Parse(sqlQuery)
if err != nil {
return "", fmt.Errorf("SQL parse error: %v", err)
}
// Phase 3: Validate that we have exactly one statement
if len(result.Stmts) == 0 {
return "", fmt.Errorf("empty query")
}
if len(result.Stmts) > 1 {
return "", fmt.Errorf("multiple statements are not allowed")
}
stmt := result.Stmts[0].Stmt
// Phase 4: Ensure it's a SELECT statement
selectStmt := stmt.GetSelectStmt()
if selectStmt == nil {
return "", fmt.Errorf("only SELECT queries are allowed")
}
// Phase 5: Validate the SELECT statement recursively
tablesInQuery, err := v.validateSelectStmt(selectStmt)
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
// Phase 6: Normalize SQL (removes comments, standardizes format)
normalizedSQL, err := pg_query.Deparse(result)
if err != nil {
return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to normalize SQL: %v", err)
}
// Phase 7: Inject tenant_id conditions
securedSQL := v.injectTenantConditions(normalizedSQL, tablesInQuery)
return securedSQL, nil
}
// validateInput performs basic input validation
func (v *SQLSecurityValidator) validateInput(sql string) error {
// Check for null bytes
if strings.Contains(sql, "\x00") {
return fmt.Errorf("invalid character in SQL query")
}
// Check length limits
if len(sql) < 6 {
return fmt.Errorf("SQL query too short")
}
if len(sql) > 4096 {
return fmt.Errorf("SQL query too long (max 4096 characters)")
}
return nil
}
// validateSelectStmt validates a SELECT statement and extracts table information
func (v *SQLSecurityValidator) validateSelectStmt(stmt *pg_query.SelectStmt) (map[string]string, error) {
tablesInQuery := make(map[string]string) // table name -> alias
// Check for UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT (compound queries)
if stmt.Op != pg_query.SetOperation_SETOP_NONE {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("compound queries (UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT) are not allowed")
}
// Check for WITH clause (CTEs) - could be used for complex attacks
if stmt.WithClause != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("WITH clause (CTEs) is not allowed")
}
// Check for INTO clause (SELECT INTO)
if stmt.IntoClause != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("SELECT INTO is not allowed")
}
// Check for LOCKING clause (FOR UPDATE, etc.)
if len(stmt.LockingClause) > 0 {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("locking clauses (FOR UPDATE, etc.) are not allowed")
}
// Validate FROM clause
for _, fromItem := range stmt.FromClause {
if err := v.validateFromItem(fromItem, tablesInQuery); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
}
// Validate target list (SELECT columns)
for _, target := range stmt.TargetList {
if err := v.validateNode(target); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
}
// Validate WHERE clause
if stmt.WhereClause != nil {
if err := v.validateNode(stmt.WhereClause); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
}
// Validate GROUP BY clause
for _, groupBy := range stmt.GroupClause {
if err := v.validateNode(groupBy); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
}
// Validate HAVING clause
if stmt.HavingClause != nil {
if err := v.validateNode(stmt.HavingClause); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
}
// Validate ORDER BY clause
for _, sortBy := range stmt.SortClause {
if err := v.validateNode(sortBy); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
}
// Ensure at least one valid table is referenced
if len(tablesInQuery) == 0 {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("no valid table found in query")
}
return tablesInQuery, nil
}
// validateFromItem validates a FROM clause item
func (v *SQLSecurityValidator) validateFromItem(node *pg_query.Node, tables map[string]string) error {
if node == nil {
return nil
}
// Handle RangeVar (simple table reference)
if rv := node.GetRangeVar(); rv != nil {
tableName := strings.ToLower(rv.Relname)
// Check for schema qualification (e.g., pg_catalog.pg_class)
if rv.Schemaname != "" {
schemaName := strings.ToLower(rv.Schemaname)
// Block all schema-qualified access except public
if schemaName != "public" {
return fmt.Errorf("access to schema '%s' is not allowed", rv.Schemaname)
}
}
// Validate table name against whitelist
if !v.allowedTables[tableName] {
return fmt.Errorf("table not allowed: %s", rv.Relname)
}
// Get alias
alias := tableName
if rv.Alias != nil && rv.Alias.Aliasname != "" {
alias = strings.ToLower(rv.Alias.Aliasname)
}
tables[tableName] = alias
return nil
}
// Handle JoinExpr (JOIN)
if je := node.GetJoinExpr(); je != nil {
if err := v.validateFromItem(je.Larg, tables); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := v.validateFromItem(je.Rarg, tables); err != nil {
return err
}
if je.Quals != nil {
if err := v.validateNode(je.Quals); err != nil {
return err
}
}
return nil
}
// Handle RangeSubselect (subquery in FROM) - NOT ALLOWED
if node.GetRangeSubselect() != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("subqueries in FROM clause are not allowed")
}
// Handle RangeFunction (function in FROM) - NOT ALLOWED
if node.GetRangeFunction() != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("functions in FROM clause are not allowed")
}
return nil
}
// validateNode recursively validates AST nodes for security issues
func (v *SQLSecurityValidator) validateNode(node *pg_query.Node) error {
if node == nil {
return nil
}
// Check for subqueries (SubLink)
if sl := node.GetSubLink(); sl != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("subqueries are not allowed")
}
// Check for function calls
if fc := node.GetFuncCall(); fc != nil {
return v.validateFuncCall(fc)
}
// Check for column references with schema
if cr := node.GetColumnRef(); cr != nil {
return v.validateColumnRef(cr)
}
// Check for type casts (could be used for attacks)
if tc := node.GetTypeCast(); tc != nil {
if err := v.validateNode(tc.Arg); err != nil {
return err
}
// Validate the target type
if tc.TypeName != nil {
typeName := v.getTypeName(tc.TypeName)
if strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(typeName), "pg_") {
return fmt.Errorf("casting to system type '%s' is not allowed", typeName)
}
}
}
// Recursively check A_Expr (expressions)
if ae := node.GetAExpr(); ae != nil {
if err := v.validateNode(ae.Lexpr); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := v.validateNode(ae.Rexpr); err != nil {
return err
}
}
// Check BoolExpr (AND, OR, NOT)
if be := node.GetBoolExpr(); be != nil {
for _, arg := range be.Args {
if err := v.validateNode(arg); err != nil {
return err
}
}
}
// Check NullTest
if nt := node.GetNullTest(); nt != nil {
if err := v.validateNode(nt.Arg); err != nil {
return err
}
}
// Check CoalesceExpr
if ce := node.GetCoalesceExpr(); ce != nil {
for _, arg := range ce.Args {
if err := v.validateNode(arg); err != nil {
return err
}
}
}
// Check CaseExpr
if caseExpr := node.GetCaseExpr(); caseExpr != nil {
if err := v.validateNode(caseExpr.Arg); err != nil {
return err
}
for _, when := range caseExpr.Args {
if err := v.validateNode(when); err != nil {
return err
}
}
if err := v.validateNode(caseExpr.Defresult); err != nil {
return err
}
}
// Check CaseWhen
if cw := node.GetCaseWhen(); cw != nil {
if err := v.validateNode(cw.Expr); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := v.validateNode(cw.Result); err != nil {
return err
}
}
// Check ResTarget (SELECT list items)
if rt := node.GetResTarget(); rt != nil {
if err := v.validateNode(rt.Val); err != nil {
return err
}
}
// Check SortBy (ORDER BY items)
if sb := node.GetSortBy(); sb != nil {
if err := v.validateNode(sb.Node); err != nil {
return err
}
}
// Check List
if list := node.GetList(); list != nil {
for _, item := range list.Items {
if err := v.validateNode(item); err != nil {
return err
}
}
}
return nil
}
// validateFuncCall validates a function call against the whitelist
func (v *SQLSecurityValidator) validateFuncCall(fc *pg_query.FuncCall) error {
// Get function name
funcName := ""
for _, namePart := range fc.Funcname {
if s := namePart.GetString_(); s != nil {
funcName = strings.ToLower(s.Sval)
}
}
// Check for schema-qualified function calls
if len(fc.Funcname) > 1 {
// Get schema name
schemaName := ""
if s := fc.Funcname[0].GetString_(); s != nil {
schemaName = strings.ToLower(s.Sval)
}
// Block all schema-qualified function calls except pg_catalog for basic functions
if schemaName != "" && schemaName != "pg_catalog" {
return fmt.Errorf("schema-qualified function calls are not allowed: %s", schemaName)
}
}
// Block dangerous function prefixes
dangerousPrefixes := []string{
"pg_", "lo_", "dblink", "file_", "copy_",
}
for _, prefix := range dangerousPrefixes {
if strings.HasPrefix(funcName, prefix) {
return fmt.Errorf("function '%s' is not allowed (dangerous prefix)", funcName)
}
}
// Block specific dangerous functions
dangerousFunctions := map[string]bool{
"current_setting": true,
"set_config": true,
"query_to_xml": true,
"xpath": true,
"xmlparse": true,
"txid_current": true,
}
if dangerousFunctions[funcName] {
return fmt.Errorf("function '%s' is not allowed", funcName)
}
// Check against whitelist
if !v.allowedFunctions[funcName] {
return fmt.Errorf("function not allowed: %s", funcName)
}
// Validate function arguments recursively
for _, arg := range fc.Args {
if err := v.validateNode(arg); err != nil {
return err
}
}
return nil
}
// validateColumnRef validates a column reference
func (v *SQLSecurityValidator) validateColumnRef(cr *pg_query.ColumnRef) error {
// Check for system column access
for _, field := range cr.Fields {
if s := field.GetString_(); s != nil {
colName := strings.ToLower(s.Sval)
// Block access to system columns
systemColumns := []string{"xmin", "xmax", "cmin", "cmax", "ctid", "tableoid"}
for _, sysCol := range systemColumns {
if colName == sysCol {
return fmt.Errorf("access to system column '%s' is not allowed", colName)
}
}
// Block pg_ prefixed identifiers
if strings.HasPrefix(colName, "pg_") {
return fmt.Errorf("access to '%s' is not allowed", colName)
}
}
}
return nil
}
// getTypeName extracts the type name from a TypeName node
func (v *SQLSecurityValidator) getTypeName(tn *pg_query.TypeName) string {
var parts []string
for _, name := range tn.Names {
if s := name.GetString_(); s != nil {
parts = append(parts, s.Sval)
}
}
return strings.Join(parts, ".")
}
// injectTenantConditions adds tenant_id filtering to the query
func (v *SQLSecurityValidator) injectTenantConditions(sql string, tablesInQuery map[string]string) string {
// Tables that require tenant_id filtering
tablesWithTenantID := map[string]bool{
"tenants": true,
"knowledge_bases": true,
"knowledges": true,
"sessions": true,
"chunks": true,
}
// Build tenant conditions
var conditions []string
for tableName, alias := range tablesInQuery {
if tablesWithTenantID[tableName] {
if tableName == "tenants" {
conditions = append(conditions, fmt.Sprintf("%s.id = %d", alias, v.tenantID))
} else {
conditions = append(conditions, fmt.Sprintf("%s.tenant_id = %d", alias, v.tenantID))
}
}
}
if len(conditions) == 0 {
return sql
}
tenantFilter := strings.Join(conditions, " AND ")
// Check if WHERE clause exists
wherePattern := regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)\bWHERE\b`)
if wherePattern.MatchString(sql) {
// Add to existing WHERE clause
return wherePattern.ReplaceAllString(sql, fmt.Sprintf("WHERE %s AND ", tenantFilter))
}
// Add new WHERE clause before ORDER BY, GROUP BY, LIMIT, etc.
clausePattern := regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)\b(GROUP BY|ORDER BY|LIMIT|OFFSET|HAVING|FETCH)\b`)
if loc := clausePattern.FindStringIndex(sql); loc != nil {
return sql[:loc[0]] + fmt.Sprintf(" WHERE %s ", tenantFilter) + sql[loc[0]:]
}
// Add WHERE clause at the end
return fmt.Sprintf("%s WHERE %s", sql, tenantFilter)
}
// formatQueryResults formats query results into readable text
func (t *DatabaseQueryTool) formatQueryResults(
columns []string,
results []map[string]interface{},
query string,
) string {
output := "=== 查询结果 ===\n\n"
output += fmt.Sprintf("执行的SQL: %s\n\n", query)
output += fmt.Sprintf("返回 %d 行数据\n\n", len(results))
if len(results) == 0 {
output += "未找到匹配的记录。\n"
return output
}
output += "=== 数据详情 ===\n\n"
// Format each row
for i, row := range results {
output += fmt.Sprintf("--- 记录 #%d ---\n", i+1)
for _, col := range columns {
value := row[col]
// Format the value
var formattedValue string
if value == nil {
formattedValue = "<NULL>"
} else if jsonData, err := json.Marshal(value); err == nil {
// Check if it's a complex type
switch v := value.(type) {
case string:
formattedValue = v
case []byte:
formattedValue = string(v)
default:
formattedValue = string(jsonData)
}
} else {
formattedValue = fmt.Sprintf("%v", value)
}
output += fmt.Sprintf(" %s: %s\n", col, formattedValue)
}
output += "\n"
}
// Add summary statistics if applicable
if len(results) > 10 {
output += fmt.Sprintf("注意: 显示了前 %d 条记录,共 %d 条。建议使用 LIMIT 子句限制结果数量。\n", len(results), len(results))
}
return output
}